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- MEDICINE, Page 53Case of the Unexplained Deaths
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- A worrisome report warns about a new experimental AIDS drug
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- AIDS activists have been vocal in urging the Food and Drug
- Administration to relax its standards and authorize for general
- use several experimental drugs that appear to help fight the
- disease. Even though many medical experts worry about the
- dangers of releasing relatively untested drugs to a broader
- population, the FDA made a controversial decision last year to
- allow wide distribution of certain drugs that are still in the
- testing phase. Among the first was DDI, or dideoxyinosine, an
- unproven medicine dubbed by its enthusiasts "AZT without tears."
- The reference is to the most commonly used anti-AIDS drug,
- which can produce distressing side effects.
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- Last week a report from Bristol-Myers Squibb, the
- manufacturers of DDI, suggested that the skeptics may have been
- right. The report disclosed that of 8,000 patients who had been
- taking DDI for seven months under the FDA's "expanded access"
- program, 290 died. That was ten times the death rate found in
- Bristol-Myers' own controlled clinical trial, in which 700
- patients have received DDI. The report raised concerns not only
- about the safety of the drug but also about the FDA's new
- liberalization program.
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- The actual cause of the 290 deaths is not yet known. Many
- researchers feel the most likely explanation is a simple one:
- the 8,000 people receiving the drug under the alternate program
- were sicker than those in the clinical trials. To be eligible
- for DDI in the expanded tests, patients must be suffering from
- advanced AIDS and must be resistant to AZT. "For these people,
- DDI is a last-ditch effort," says Dr. Bernard Bihari of the
- Community Reseach Initiative, a clinic offering the drug to
- AIDS sufferers in New York City. Dr. Anthony Fauci of the
- National Institutes of Health observes that the death rate was
- much lower than that found in the early trials of AZT. But the
- report does raise "a red flag," adds Fauci, obliging either
- Bristol-Myers or the Government to investigate the affair.
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- Other experts feel the disclosures underscore serious
- problems with the expanded-access program. In traditional
- clinical trials, a small group of doctors closely monitors
- every patient. But in the expanded-access program, hundreds of
- doctors may administer the drug nationwide without consistently
- exchanging information. As a result, many participating
- physicians may not hear about significant side effects. "The
- shock to me was that I had to learn about these deaths from the
- newspaper," says Dr. Jeffrey Laurence, an AIDS researcher at
- Cornell University Medical College. He calls for a centralized
- monitoring system for doctors who are administering DDI.
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- Still others argue that the entire program is flawed. Dr.
- Thomas Chalmers of the Harvard School of Public Health calls
- the DDI death rates "a disgrace." He believes all 8,000 people
- should have been enrolled in a fully controlled clinical trial.
- But most doctors feel the program will continue. If the
- restrictions were tightened, AIDS sufferers would probably find
- other ways to get experimental drugs. At the very least, the
- new plan is offering one last chance to thousands of patients
- with little other hope.
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- By Andrew Purvis.
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